Introduction

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), also referred to as Papillotomy or Endoscopic Sphincterotomy, has been a standard procedure in medical practice since the 1970s. It serves as a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool for addressing issues within the liver, pancreas, and bile ducts.

What is ERCP?

ERCP is a minimally invasive procedure used by doctors to examine the pancreatic and bile ducts. It involves the insertion of a flexible, illuminated tube called an endoscope through the mouth, which is then guided to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) to access the ampulla, a small opening. Through this endoscope, a thin plastic tube called a cannula is passed, and a dye or contrast material is
injected for X-ray imaging.

Purpose of ERCP

ERCP serves multiple purposes in medical diagnosis and treatment. It is instrumental in identifying and treating conditions affecting the pancreas or bile ducts. Additionally, ERCP helps clarify inconclusive results from other diagnostic tests and is recommended for individuals experiencing symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin).

What Happens During ERCP?

Patients undergoing ERCP receive sedation to ensure their comfort throughout the procedure. Before the procedure begins, a numbing spray is applied to the throat to minimize discomfort. The actual procedure typically lasts between 30 to 60 minutes. Patients lie on an X- ray table while the endoscope is gently inserted through the mouth, traveling through the esophagus, stomach, and into the duodenum.

During the Procedure

Once the endoscope reaches the duodenum, air is injected to enhance visibility. The physician guides the scope to the point where the pancreatic and bile ducts empty into the duodenum. A thin tube called a catheter is then inserted through the scope, allowing the injection of contrast material for X-ray imaging of the ducts.

After ERCP

Following the completion of the procedure, patients are monitored in the endoscopy area for a period of 1 to 2 hours until the sedatives wear off. It is common for patients to experience bloating, a sore throat, or temporary changes in bowel habits post-procedure. These symptoms typically subside within a few days.

ERCP can assist in determining the necessity for surgery and the most appropriate surgical approach.

Compared to traditional surgery, ERCP is less invasive and often results in a quicker recovery time.

While complications from ERCP are rare, they can include pancreatitis, infection, or bleeding.

Patients should adhere to their healthcare provider’s instructions for post-procedure recovery, which may include activity restrictions and medication management.

ERCP is a valuable procedure for diagnosing and addressing issues within the pancreas and bile ducts. If you have concerns regarding your digestive health or are experiencing symptoms indicative of pancreatic or bile duct conditions, consult with your healthcare provider to discuss the potential benefits of ERCP.