Understanding Acid Reflux and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

By Dr. Vishal Khurana in Gastroenterology

Dec 4, 2020

What is Acid Reflux and GERD? By Dr. Vishal Khurana

Understanding Acid Reflux and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Gastroesophageal reflux, commonly known as “acid reflux,” occurs when stomach contents back up into the esophagus or mouth. Occasional reflux is normal and often happens after meals without causing significant symptoms.

GERD: When Acid Reflux Becomes a Problem

GERD occurs when acid reflux causes bothersome symptoms or damages the esophagus over time.

Mechanism of Acid Reflux

Food travels from the mouth through the esophagus to reach the stomach.

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxes to allow food into the stomach, then contracts to prevent reflux.

If the LES relaxes inappropriately or is weak, stomach contents, including acid, can reflux into the esophagus.

Risk Factors for GERD

Certain factors increase the risk of developing GERD, such as hiatus hernia, obesity, pregnancy, certain foods, and medications.

Symptoms of GERD

Common symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, persistent laryngitis, sore throat, cough, and more.

Complications of GERD

Untreated GERD can lead to erosive esophagitis, esophageal stricture, Barrett’s esophagus, lung and throat issues, and dental problems.

Diagnosis of GERD

Diagnosis is based on symptoms and may involve additional tests like upper endoscopy, pH studies, and esophageal manometry.

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment options include lifestyle changes (diet, weight management, smoking cessation), medications (antacids, proton pump inhibitors), and in some cases, surgery.

Do You Have GERD?

Take the “Richter Scale/Acid Test” to evaluate your symptoms and consult a healthcare provider for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion

While GERD can be chronic, effective management and lifestyle adjustments can alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing GERD effectively.