Understanding Bypass Surgery and Its Necessity When Coronary Angioplasty Is Not an Option

By Dr. Vishal Dhir in Cardiac Surgery Cardiology

Mar 22, 2019

What is Heart Bypass Surgery?

Heart bypass surgery is a significant open-heart procedure designed to restore blood flow when the coronary arteries become severely blocked. During this surgery, surgeons remove an artery from the chest or forearm, or a vein from the leg, to create a new pathway for blood to bypass the blocked sections. The terms “double,” “triple,” or “quadruple bypass” refer to the number of arteries that are bypassed in the operation. While less invasive techniques like angioplasty with stent placement can treat many cases of coronary artery disease, bypass surgery becomes necessary in specific situations. After undergoing either bypass surgery or angioplasty, patients are typically advised to implement major lifestyle changes, including dietary adjustments and increased physical activity, to promote heart health.

Why Do Patients Need Bypass Surgery?

Several critical factors can lead to the necessity for heart bypass surgery:

1. Severe Chest Pain

Patients may experience significant chest pain, even at rest or during minimal physical activity, due to severe narrowing of the arteries, which may not respond adequately to less invasive treatments.

2. Multiple Diseased Arteries

When more than one coronary artery is affected, and the left ventricle—the heart’s main pumping chamber—exhibits poor function, bypass surgery may be recommended to restore effective blood flow.

3. Severe Blockage

A critical blockage in the left main coronary artery, which supplies a substantial portion of blood to the left ventricle, may necessitate surgical intervention to prevent life-threatening complications.

4. Recurrent Blockage

If a patient has previously undergone angioplasty or stenting and the artery has re-narrowed, bypass surgery may be the most effective solution for restoring adequate blood flow.

5. Additional Cardiac Issues

Bypass surgery may also be warranted when other cardiac conditions need to be addressed simultaneously, such as repairing a leaking valve or managing complications from a rupture between cardiac chambers.

Cardiac surgery has evolved into a safe and effective option for many patients, including those with critical health issues. By undergoing heart bypass surgery, patients can achieve significant relief from debilitating symptoms like chest pain and breathlessness, allowing them to return to a more active, fulfilling life. At Metro Heart Institute with Multi-Specialty, a dedicated team of experienced cardiothoracic surgeons and anesthetists is available to manage any emergencies and provide the highest standard of care.