Why Does the Risk of Heart Attack Increase During Exercise?
By Dr. Dhiraj Kumar Gaurav in Cardiology Interventional Cardiology
Feb 7, 2025
Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining heart health, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and improving overall well-being. However, in some cases, intense or improper exercise can increase the risk of a heart attack, especially in individuals with underlying heart conditions. Understanding the reasons behind this can help you take the necessary precautions and exercise safely.
1. Sudden Intense Physical Exertion
One of the primary reasons for an increased heart attack risk during exercise is sudden, intense physical exertion. If you go from a sedentary lifestyle to high-intensity workouts without proper preparation, it can put extreme stress on your heart. Sudden spikes in heart rate and blood pressure can trigger cardiac events, especially in people with pre-existing heart conditions.
Prevention Tip: Always start with a proper warm-up and gradually increase exercise intensity.
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2. Underlying Heart Conditions
Many people may have undiagnosed heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), high blood pressure, or arrhythmias. During exercise, the heart requires more oxygen-rich blood, and if the arteries are narrowed due to cholesterol buildup (atherosclerosis), it can lead to a heart attack.
Prevention Tip: If you have a family history of heart disease or experience symptoms like chest pain, breathlessness, or dizziness during exercise, consult a doctor before starting a workout routine.
3. Dehydration and Electrolyte Imbalance
Excessive sweating during exercise can lead to dehydration and an imbalance of essential electrolytes like potassium, sodium, and magnesium, which are crucial for heart function. Dehydration thickens the blood, making it harder for the heart to pump, potentially leading to a heart attack.
Prevention Tip: Stay hydrated before, during, and after exercise.
4. Overexertion and Overtraining
Pushing yourself beyond your physical limits without proper rest can increase stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which may strain the heart. Overtraining can also lead to irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), high blood pressure, and inflammation, increasing heart attack risk.
Prevention Tip: Listen to your body, rest adequately, and avoid excessive high-intensity workouts without recovery time.
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5. Cold Weather Workouts
Exercising in cold temperatures can constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure, making it harder for the heart to pump blood. This sudden change in circulation can trigger a heart attack, especially in people with heart disease.
Prevention Tip: Warm up properly, wear appropriate clothing, and avoid sudden high-intensity exercises in extreme cold.
6. Consumption of Stimulants or Energy Drinks
Many individuals use pre-workout supplements, caffeine, or energy drinks to boost their energy and workout performance. These stimulants increase heart rate and blood pressure, which can be dangerous for those with undiagnosed heart conditions.
Prevention Tip: Avoid excessive caffeine or stimulants before workouts.
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