Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery in Noida, Delhi Ncr, India

Overview

The heart functions as a vital pump that relies on healthy valves for optimal operation. It comprises four valves: the mitral and tricuspid valves between chambers, and the aortic and pulmonary valves between chambers and blood vessels. These valves ensure blood flows in one direction when open and form a secure seal when closed, maintaining effective circulation.

Who is a Candidate for Valvular Heart Surgery?

Valvular heart surgery is typically recommended for individuals facing intermediate risk with traditional open-heart procedures. Most candidates are in their 70s or 80s with other medical conditions that make them suitable for this type of surgery. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) offers a beneficial option for improving quality of life in patients with limited alternatives for aortic valve repair.

When is Valvular Heart Surgery Needed?

Surgery becomes necessary when heart valves sustain damage due to congenital defects, endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, or age-related degeneration.

Types of Valvular Heart Surgery

Depending on the extent and location of valve damage:

• Valve Narrowing (Stenosis): Techniques include closed or open valvulotomy to restore valve function. Valve replacement with mechanical (St. Jude or Medtronic Valve) or bioprosthetic (porcine valve) options is considered if valve restructuring is impractical.
• Valve Regurgitation: Advanced repair methods address valve leaflets and subvalvular components. Valve replacement is reserved for severe structural abnormalities of the mitral valve.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

TAVR, or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), is a minimally invasive alternative for severe aortic stenosis in patients not suitable for open-heart surgery. This procedure inserts a collapsible replacement valve through a catheter, sparing the removal of the old, damaged valve.

Valve-in-Valve Procedure

Similar to placing a stent, TAVR involves inserting a fully collapsible replacement valve through a catheter to the valve site. Upon expansion, the new valve displaces the old valve leaflets, assuming responsibility for regulating blood flow.

Frequently Asked Questions about Aortic Valve Replacement

What is aortic valve replacement?

Aortic valve replacement is a surgical procedure where a diseased or damaged aortic valve is replaced with a biological or mechanical valve, typically made from animal or human tissue.

Why is aortic valve replacement necessary?

Aortic valve replacement is necessary when the aortic valve becomes diseased or damaged, causing conditions like aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation. It restores normal blood flow through the heart.

How is aortic valve disease diagnosed?

Aortic valve disease is diagnosed through medical history, physical examination, imaging tests (such as echocardiogram), and sometimes cardiac catheterization or CT angiography.

What are some symptoms of aortic valve disease?

Symptoms include chest pain, dizziness, heart palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath, and fainting. Some individuals may not experience noticeable symptoms until the condition has progressed.

Are there different types of aortic valve replacements?

Yes, there are mechanical valves (durable but require lifelong blood-thinning medication) and biological valves (do not require blood-thinning medication but have a limited lifespan).

How is the decision between mechanical and biological valves determined?

The choice depends on factors like age, lifestyle, overall health, and the advice of the heart surgeon.

How long does aortic valve replacement surgery take?

The duration varies but typically takes between 2 to 4 hours depending on complexity.

What is the recovery period after aortic valve replacement surgery?

Most individuals spend a few days in the hospital and several weeks or months for full recovery, including rehabilitation.

What are the potential risks and complications associated with aortic valve replacement surgery?

Risks include bleeding, infection, blood clots, abnormal heart rhythms, and reactions to anesthesia. The surgeon discusses these risks beforehand.

Can transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) be an alternative to traditional surgery?

Yes, TAVR is a minimally invasive alternative for select high-risk patients.

Can aortic valve replacement be performed through minimally invasive approaches?

Yes, in certain cases, smaller incisions and specialized techniques can be used for faster recovery and fewer complications.

Can aortic valve replacement prevent further heart damage?

Yes, it restores normal blood flow, reducing the risk of complications and improving long-term outcomes.

Can aortic valve replacement improve quality of life?

Yes, it can significantly improve quality of life by relieving symptoms and restoring normal heart function.

Can aortic valve replacement be performed in older adults, children, or individuals with other heart conditions?

Yes, it can be performed depending on individual health and evaluation by the healthcare team.

Can pregnancy be considered after aortic valve replacement?

Yes, with careful monitoring and counseling by experienced healthcare providers.

Can aortic valve replacement affect exercise capacity?

In most cases, it can improve exercise capacity by correcting valve disease and improving heart function.

Review

Reviewed by Dr. Jeewan Pillai, Chief Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeon, Metro Hospital and Heart Institute, Sector 12, Noida on 25-June-2024.