Everything You should Know About Osteoporosis

By Dr. Shishir Kumar in Orthopaedics & Joint Replacement

Oct 15, 2020

As we age, our bones naturally lose calcium and other minerals, leading to a reduction in bone mass. This results in weakened bones, pain, fatigue, and an increased risk of fractures. If you are concerned about aging and bone health, understanding osteoporosis and its prevention is crucial. This article aims to provide comprehensive information on osteoporosis, including its causes, risk factors, prevention, and treatment options.

What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis, meaning “porous bone,” is a condition characterized by reduced bone density and structural deterioration, making bones fragile and more prone to fractures. This disease often progresses silently, without symptoms, until a fracture occurs.

Causes and Risk Factors Bone is a dynamic, living tissue that undergoes continuous remodeling. Throughout life, old bone is broken down and replaced with new bone. During childhood and early adulthood, bone formation exceeds bone resorption, leading to increased bone mass. Peak bone mass is usually achieved by the early 20s.

However, after the age of 30, bone resorption gradually overtakes bone formation, leading to a net loss of bone density. This process is accelerated in women after menopause due to a decline in estrogen levels. Key risk factors for osteoporosis include:

• Aging
• Menopause (especially in women over 50)
• Family history of osteoporosis
• Low calcium and vitamin D intake
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
• Certain medical conditions and medications

Signs and Symptoms Osteoporosis is often referred to as a “silent disease” because bone loss occurs without noticeable symptoms. However, signs to watch for include:

• Loss of height over time
• Stooped posture
• Back pain caused by fractured or collapsed vertebrae
• Fractures that occur easily, especially in the hip, wrist, or spine

Osteoporotic Fractures Fractures due to osteoporosis can significantly impact quality of life, particularly in older adults. Common fracture sites include:

• Hip: Can lead to long-term disability and increased mortality
• Spine (Vertebrae): May cause severe back pain, height loss, and a hunched posture (Dowager’s Hump)
• Wrist: Often results from falls and impairs daily activities

Prevention Strategies While osteoporosis is a serious condition, it is largely preventable through a combination of a healthy lifestyle, diet, and exercise. Key preventive measures include:

Calcium-Rich Diet

• Adults require approximately 700 mg of calcium per day.
• Women under 50 should aim for 1,000 mg daily, while those over 51 need 1,200 mg.
• Good dietary sources include low-fat dairy products, leafy greens, tofu, almonds, and calcium-fortified foods.

Adequate Vitamin D Intake

• Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption and bone health.
• Adults should aim for 10 micrograms (400 IU) per day.
• Sunlight is a natural source, but supplements and fortified foods can help bridge gaps.

Regular Weight-Bearing and Resistance Exercises

• Weight-bearing exercises like walking, dancing, and jogging help maintain bone density.
• Resistance exercises, such as weightlifting and strength training, enhance muscle strength and bone health.

Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol Consumption

• Smoking reduces bone mass and impairs estrogen function.
• Excessive alcohol intake (more than two drinks per day) is associated with increased bone loss.

Fall Prevention

• Older adults should take measures to prevent falls, such as keeping living spaces clutter-free, using assistive devices, and ensuring proper lighting.

Treatment Options If osteoporosis is diagnosed, several treatment options are available to prevent further bone loss and reduce fracture risk:

Medications

• Bisphosphonates: Slow bone loss and improve bone density.
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Helps maintain bone density in postmenopausal women.
• Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Mimic estrogen’s protective effects on bones.
• Bone-Building Medications: Promote new bone formation.

Nutritional Supplements

• Calcium and vitamin D supplements are often recommended if dietary intake is insufficient.

Lifestyle Adjustments

• Combining diet, exercise, and avoiding smoking and alcohol enhances overall bone health.

Consulting a Specialist Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing osteoporosis effectively. If you experience symptoms or have risk factors, consulting an orthopedic specialist is crucial. Our team at led by Dr. Shishir Kumar, Senior Consultant in Spine, Joint Replacement, and Orthopedics at Metro Hospital, Noida, is committed to providing comprehensive orthopedic care and tailored solutions.

Conclusion Osteoporosis is a common but preventable condition that can severely impact quality of life. By adopting a bone-healthy lifestyle, ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and engaging in regular exercise, you can reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis. Remember, early intervention is key. Consult a specialist for personalized advice and proactive bone health management.

By

Dr. Shishir Kumar
 Sr. Consultant – Spine, Joint Replacement & Orthopaedics
Metro Hospital, Noida