Hemato-Oncology

Metro Hospitals is a leading healthcare provider specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders. Recognized as one of the best hospitals in India for hematological care, Metro Hospitals offers a comprehensive range of treatments for both benign and malignant blood conditions. Patients can conveniently book appointments online.

Introduction to Hematology

Hematology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and management of disorders related to blood cells and the coagulation system. This specialty addresses a wide spectrum of conditions affecting red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and clotting mechanisms in both adults and children. These disorders can range from benign (non-cancerous) to malignant (cancerous), involving abnormal proliferation and spread of cells.

Causes of Hematologic Disorders

Hematologic disorders can arise from various factors, including:

• Drug-Induced Conditions: Such as megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Including deficiencies in vitamin B12, copper, and vitamin C.
• Genetic Factors: Some disorders are hereditary and passed down from parents.

Symptoms of Hematologic Disorders

Symptoms of blood disorders can vary widely and may affect different parts of the body. Common symptoms include:

Decrease in Blood Components

• Anemia: Fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath due to reduced red blood cells and hemoglobin.
• Leukopenia: Recurrent infections and fever due to a low white blood cell count.
• Thrombocytopenia: Easy bruising and unusual bleeding caused by a decrease in platelets.

Increase in Blood Components

• Polycythemia: Blood thickening due to an increased number of red blood cells or immune system proteins.
• Thrombocythemia: Abnormal bleeding or clotting caused by an elevated platelet count.

Other Symptoms

• Blood clots, particularly in the legs.
• Pica (craving and eating non-food items, like dirt).
• Swollen lymph nodes.
• Blood in urine and fluid-filled blisters in the mouth.

Diagnosis of Hematologic Disorders

Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, including assessments of the skin, mucous membranes, joints, lymph nodes, and spleen. Diagnostic tools include:

Laboratory Tests

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Assesses the number and characteristics of blood cells.
• Blood Smear: Evaluates the shape and count of blood cells.
• Reticulocyte Count: Measures the production of new red blood cells.
• Clotting Tests: Assesses blood clotting ability, including prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time.
• Protein and Substance Estimation: Includes levels of erythropoietin, iron, vitamins like B12 and folate, and antibodies.

Bone Marrow Examination

• Bone Marrow Aspiration: Extracts a small amount of bone marrow fluid and cells for examination.
• Biopsy: Removes a small piece of bone and bone marrow for detailed analysis.

Common Hematologic Disorders

Lymphoma

• Hodgkin Lymphoma
• Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Myeloma

A cancer originating from plasma cells in the bone marrow.

Leukemia

A cancer affecting the bone marrow and blood, characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells.

• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
• Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
• Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

Other Disorders

• Hemophilia: A genetic disorder affecting blood clotting.
• Thrombocytopenia: A condition characterized by a low platelet count, which can cause bleeding and bruising problems.
• Sickle Cell Anemia: A genetic disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin.
• Thalassemia: Genetic disorders affecting hemoglobin production.
• Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen.
• Thrombosis: Blood clots forming within vessels.

Treatment of Hematologic Disorders

Treatment options at Metro Hospitals include:

• Blood Transfusion: Replenishing lost or deficient blood components.
• Bone Marrow Transplant: Replacing damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
• Dietary Adjustments: Incorporating iron and vitamin-rich foods.
• Oral Iron Supplements: For treating iron deficiency anemia.
• Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplements: For conditions like megaloblastic anemia.
• Anticoagulation Therapy: Preventing excessive blood clotting.
• Chemotherapy: Specialized treatments for blood cancers.
• Therapeutic Bloodletting: Used in cases of iron overload, often with the drug deferoxamine.

Early Screening and Comprehensive Care

Early detection through screening is crucial for effective treatment and management of blood disorders. Metro Hospitals offers state-of-the-art facilities and a multidisciplinary team dedicated to providing high-quality patient care, from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up.

Why Choose Metro Hospitals for Hematology Care?

Metro Hospitals stands out for its:

• Expertise: Skilled hematologists and oncologists.
• Advanced Facilities: Cutting-edge technology and infrastructure.
• Comprehensive Care: Covering everything from the initial assessment to long-term follow-up.
  Patient-Centered Approach: Customized care designed to meet each patient’s unique needs.
• Commitment to Research and Innovation: Continuously improving treatment options and outcomes.

For those seeking expert care for hematologic disorders, Metro Hospitals provides a trusted and compassionate approach to treatment.