Oral Cancer Treatment in Faridabad, Delhi Ncr, India

Overview

Oral cancer refers to malignancies that originate in the tissues of the mouth and throat, affecting areas such as the lips, tongue, palate, gums, cheeks, and the floor of the mouth. It can also start in the lining of the lips, the roof of the mouth, and salivary glands. Early detection significantly enhances the effectiveness of treatment, making it crucial to seek medical attention at the first sign of symptoms.

Alternate Names

• Cancer of the lips, oral cavity & pharynx
• Mouth cancer

Associated Anatomy

• Bones
• Teeth
• Muscles
• Nerves
• Blood vessels
• Salivary glands
• Mucosa

Oral Cancer Symptoms

Common symptoms and signs of oral cancer include:

• Swellings, lumps, rough spots, or eroded areas on the lips, gums, or other parts inside the mouth
• Velvety white, red, or speckled patches in the mouth
• Unexplained bleeding in the mouth
• Numbness, loss of sensation, or pain in any part of the face, mouth, or neck
• Sores on the face, neck, or lips that bleed easily and do not heal within two weeks
• Persistent sore throat or the sensation of something stuck in the throat
• Difficulty in chewing, swallowing, speaking, or moving the jaw or tongue
• Hoarseness, a persistent sore throat, or changes in voice
• Earache
• Changes in the fit of teeth or dentures
• Significant weight loss

Oral Cancer Causes

The causes of oral cancer are multifactorial:

• Smoking: Individuals who smoke are six times more likely to develop oral cancer compared to non-smokers.
• Tobacco Use: The use of smokeless tobacco products significantly increases the risk of cancers of the cheek, gums, and lips.
• Excessive Alcohol Intake: Drinkers are six times more likely to develop oral cancer than non-drinkers.
• Family History: A genetic predisposition can increase the risk.
• Sun Exposure: Prolonged sun exposure may lead to lip cancer.

Oral Cancer Types

The most common type of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which makes up over 90% of all oral cavity malignancies. Other, less common types include tumors of the salivary glands, such as adenoid cystic carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

Mouth Cancer Stages

Mouth cancer is classified into five stages based on the extent of its spread:

• Stage 0: Early stage, with cancer only on the surface of the mouth.
• Stage I: Tumor is up to 2 cm in size, without metastasis.
• Stage II: Tumor size is between 2 cm and 4 cm, may spread outside the mouth.
• Stage III: Cancer spreads to the sidewalls of the mouth and potentially the neck, without distant spread.
• Stage IV: Advanced stage with cancer spreading to distant body parts.

Oral Cancer Treatment

Treatment for oral cancer typically involves surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and personalized medicine, depending on the stage and type of cancer. Nutritional support and maintaining oral health are also critical components of the treatment plan.

• Surgery: Removal of the tumor and potentially affected lymph nodes.
• Radiation Therapy: Targeted radiation to destroy cancer cells, often used in combination with other treatments.
• Chemotherapy: Use of drugs to kill cancer cells, administered orally or via IV.
• Personalized Medicine: Targeted therapy that focuses on specific cancer cell proteins to prevent their growth.
• Nutrition: Addressing the dietary needs of patients, especially when treatment side effects make eating difficult.
• Oral Health Maintenance: Keeping teeth and gums clean and moist is vital during cancer treatment.

Oral Cancer Risk Factors

Key risk factors for oral cancer include:

• Tobacco Use: Smoking and smokeless tobacco are significant risk factors.
• Alcohol Consumption: Heavy drinkers, especially those who also smoke, are at higher risk.
• Chronic Sun Exposure: Increases the risk of lip cancer.
• HPV Infection: Certain strains of the human papillomavirus are linked to oral cancer.
• Genetic Predisposition: A family history of cancer increases the risk.
• Gender: Men have a higher likelihood of developing oral cancer compared to women.

Oral Cancer Complications

Complications from oral cancer and its treatment may include changes in the appearance of the mouth, difficulty swallowing, and speech impairments, which can lead to emotional challenges and social withdrawal.

Typical Tests for Oral Cancer

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer include:

• Clinical Examination: Dentists and doctors may discover oral cancer during routine check-ups.
• Endoscopy: Allows doctors to view the inside of the mouth and throat.
• Biopsy: Tissue samples are taken to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
• Oral Brush Biopsy: A less invasive method to detect cancer cells.
• Imaging: CT scans and other imaging tests may be used to assess the extent of cancer.

Oral Cancer Prevention

Prevention strategies focus on lifestyle changes and early detection:

• Primary Prevention: Includes quitting tobacco and alcohol, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and receiving the HPV vaccine.
• Secondary Prevention: Early detection through regular screenings and clinical examinations.

Oral Cancer Diagnosis

Several conditions and signs may indicate oral cancer:

• Actinic Keratosis: Pre-cancerous condition often found on the lips.
• Erythroplasia: Red patches in the mouth that may be a precursor to cancer.
• Lichen Planus: Chronic inflammatory condition that can lead to oral cancer.
• Trauma-Induced Lesions: Persistent lesions near damaged teeth or other sources of injury.

Epidemiology

India records approximately 77,000 new cases of oral cancer annually, with 52,000 deaths. Oral cancer is a significant public health concern in the country.

Oral Cancer Prognosis

• Expected Prognosis: The 5-year survival rate for oral cancer is around 66%, with variations depending on race and the stage at diagnosis.
• Natural Progression: Oral cancers often present late, making early detection critical for improving outcomes.

Pathophysiology

Oral squamous cell carcinoma develops due to the uncontrolled growth of basal cells in the mucosa, leading to tumor formation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are The Best Hospitals for Oral Cancer Treatment in Delhi NCR?

Metro Hospital in Delhi NCR is renowned for its advanced oral cancer treatment, offering comprehensive care from experienced oncologists.