Pediatric Oncology: An Overview

Pediatric oncology specializes in diagnosing and treating cancers in children and adolescents. Unlike adults, children with cancer require specialized care due to their unique physiological and developmental needs. With advancements in medical technology and early detection, pediatric oncologists can now cure over 80% of children with malignant diseases, and in many cases, cure rates exceed 90%.

Why Choose a Pediatric Oncologist?

Pediatric oncologists are specifically trained to address the distinct needs of children with cancer. They provide tailored care and support, understanding both the medical and emotional aspects of treating young patients.

Types of Pediatric Cancers

1. Primary Cancer: Cancer that originates in a specific area of the body.
2. Secondary Cancer: Cancer that has spread from its original site to other parts of the body.
3. Spinal Cord and Brain Tumors: Common in children, affecting the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms may include dizziness, double vision, and vomiting.
4. Leukemia: Cancer of the blood and bone marrow, leading to symptoms like weight loss, bleeding, and joint pain.
5. Lymphoma: Cancer starting in the lymph nodes or lymph tissue, including Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
6. Wilms Tumor: A kidney cancer that may cause abdominal lumps, nausea, and vomiting.
7. Neuroblastoma: Often found in infants, typically starting in the abdomen, causing pain and high fever.
8. Retinoblastoma: A severe eye cancer beginning in the retina due to genetic mutations. Immediate treatment is crucial for a better prognosis.
9. Sarcoma: Cancer originating in muscles or bones. Early diagnosis & treatment can lead to complete recovery.
10. Germ Cell Tumors: Tumors originating from reproductive organs, generally found in young children and often curable. Symptoms include constipation and urinary issues.

Symptoms Indicating Possible Cancer

Children should be evaluated for cancer if they experience:

• Sudden weight loss
• Extreme weakness
• Unexplained paleness
• Sudden vision changes
• Unusual swelling
• Persistent fever
• Constant headaches with vomiting
• Easy bruising and bleeding

These symptoms may be linked to other conditions, but persistent symptoms warrant a thorough investigation.

Finding a Pediatric Oncologist

To find a suitable pediatric oncologist:

• Research medical associations for qualified doctors.
• Compare credentials and experience.
• Consult with the doctor’s staff and check patient reviews.
• Ensure the doctor is accepting new patients and stays updated with the latest treatments.
• Investigate if the doctor participates in clinical trials and offers emotional support through referrals.

Diagnostic Procedures

Pediatric oncologists use various tests to diagnose cancer, including:

• Biopsy: Examining a small tissue sample to identify the type of tumor.
• Blood Tests: Evaluating blood cell counts to diagnose cancers like leukemia.
• Bone Marrow Aspiration: Analyzing fluid from the bone marrow for abnormalities.
• Lumbar Puncture: Testing cerebrospinal fluid for cancer cells.
• Ultrasound: Utilizes sound waves to produce images of the internal organs and tissues.
• CT and MRI Scans: Detailed imaging of internal organs using X-rays and magnetic fields.
• PET Scan: Imaging using radioactive substances to identify cancerous areas.

Treatment

Once cancer is confirmed, treatments are tailored to the tumor’s nature. Pediatric oncologists offer comprehensive care, including:

• Chemotherapy: Targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells, with potential temporary side effects like hair loss and skin changes.
• Radiation Therapy: Administered carefully to minimize risks, with safety ensured by experienced professionals.