Small Intestine Cancer Treatment in Noida, Delhi, India

Overview

Small intestine cancer is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the small intestine, also known as the small bowel. The small intestine is a slender, elongated tube that links the stomach to the large intestine. It plays a crucial role in digesting food, absorbing nutrients, and passing waste to the large intestine. When tumor cells develop in the small intestine, they can block its passage, leading to pain, abdominal distention, and other symptoms.

Types of Small Intestine Cancer

There are five primary types of cancer that can affect the small intestine:

• Adenocarcinoma: This type originates in the glandular cells lining the small intestine. As these cancerous cells grow, they can cause blockages in the intestine.
• Carcinoid Tumor: Also known as neuroendocrine tumors, these arise from neuroendocrine cells. They typically grow slowly but can eventually spread to the liver and other parts of the body. Carcinoid tumors often develop in the stomach, small intestine, colon, lungs, or appendix.
• Lymphoma: This cancer originates in the lymphatic system, which is a key part of the body’s immune network. Lymphoma in the small intestine develops from immune system cells and can affect lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and bone marrow.
• Sarcoma: Sarcomas are cancers that begin in the soft tissues of the body, including those in the small intestine. They can also occur in bones, muscles, fat, and nerves, developing in the tissues that connect and support various body parts.
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): GISTs can develop anywhere in the digestive system but are most commonly found in the stomach and small intestine. These tumors originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal, which are part of the digestive system’s nerve supply.

Symptoms

In its early stages, small intestine cancer may cause mild abdominal discomfort. As the symptoms may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Severe abdominal pain
• Weakness and bloating
• Weight loss
• Lump in the abdomen
• Loss of appetite
• Anemia (low blood cell count)

When to See a Doctor

If you experience any of the above symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor promptly. Early detection of small intestine cancer can lead to more effective treatment, prevent its spread, and improve the chances of recovery.

Causes and Risk Factors

The precise cause of small intestine cancer remains unclear. However, certain factors can increase the risk of developing this cancer:

• Age: The risk increases for individuals over 60 years old.
• Smoking and Alcohol: Both habits are linked to a higher risk of developing cancer.
• Gender: Small intestine cancer is more prevalent in men compared to women.
• Diet: A diet high in fat, particularly with excessive consumption of red meat, can increase risk.
• Genetics: A familial history of cancer can increase the risk of developing small intestine cancer.
• Air Pollution: Exposure to certain chemicals in the environment can contribute to cancer risk.

Diagnosis

To diagnose small intestine cancer, doctors will perform a series of tests and exams, including:

• Blood Tests: Blood samples are analyzed to check for abnormal levels of certain substances.
• Physical Exam: A thorough physical examination is conducted to identify any unusual lumps or other signs of disease.
• Imaging Tests: Advanced imaging tests like CT scans are used to determine the stage of cancer and whether it has spread. Specialized scans such as CT enterography, DOTANOC PET-CT, or FDG PET-CT may be used based on the type of tumor suspected.
• Endoscopy: This procedure involves using a thin tube with a camera to examine the digestive tract. Double-balloon enteroscopy may be needed for a more detailed view.
• Laparoscopy/Laparotomy: Minimally invasive laparoscopy or open laparotomy may be performed to both diagnose and treat tumors.

Treatment

The treatment plan for small intestine cancer depends on the cancer type, stage, and extent of spread. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery: Surgery is a primary treatment for small intestine cancer. The surgeon removes the cancerous part of the intestine along with some surrounding healthy tissue to prevent the spread. Laparoscopic surgery offers benefits such as quicker recovery, less pain, and reduced risk of complications like wound infections.
• Chemotherapy: This treatment involves using drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. The drugs are usually administered intravenously, allowing them to reach cancer cells throughout the body.
• Radiation Therapy: Though less commonly used for small intestine cancer, radiation therapy may be employed in cases where the cancer cannot be surgically removed or has recurred.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing small intestine cancer, including:

• Family History: Genetic mutations passed down from parents can increase the risk.
• Weakened Immune System: A compromised immune system reduces the body’s ability to fight cancer.
• Smoking and Alcohol: Both habits significantly elevate cancer risk.

Prevention

While the exact causes of small intestine cancer are unclear, certain lifestyle changes may help reduce the risk:

• Healthy Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
• Quit Smoking: Stopping smoking reduces the risk of various cancers, including small intestine cancer.
• Moderate Alcohol Consumption: Limit alcohol intake according to age and health conditions.
• Exercise Regularly: Engage in at least 30 minutes of physical activity daily to stay healthy and maintain a proper weight.
• Maintain a Healthy Weight: A healthy weight can reduce the risk of many cancers. Consult a healthcare professional for guidance on weight management if needed.

Prognosis and Outlook

The prognosis for small intestine cancer depends on the stage at which it is diagnosed. Early detection and treatment can lead to excellent long-term outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, chemotherapy, and possibly radiation, can improve survival rates even in advanced cases.

If you experience any symptoms associated with small intestine cancer, seek immediate medical attention. Early intervention can significantly enhance recovery and prevent the spread of the disease.