Blood Cancer Treatment in Delhi, India

Overview Blood cancer, also known as hematologic cancer or leukemia, involves the uncontrolled growth of blood cells, affecting their normal function. It typically originates in the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. The main types include leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma.

Associated Anatomy

Bone marrow cells.

Symptoms of Blood Cancer

Symptoms may vary but commonly include:

• Swollen lymph nodes, spleen, or liver
• Persistent high fever and chills
• Severe and recurrent infections
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue and weakness
• Easy bruising and bleeding
• Poor wound healing
• Red spots (petechiae) on the skin
• Bone and body tenderness
• Blood in vomit (in severe cases)
• Frequent headaches
• Breathing difficulties

Consult an oncologist for an accurate diagnosis.

Stages of Blood Cancer

• Stage I: Early stage with lymph node swelling due to increased lymphocytes. Treatable with minimal spread.
• Stage II: Rapid increase in lymphocytes with noticeable enlargement of spleen, liver, and lymph nodes.
• Stage III: Immune system compromise with severe organ involvement and anemia. Treatment becomes more complex.
• Stage IV: Advanced stage with decreased platelets, affecting blood clotting and multiple organ systems.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves:

• Physical Examination: Checking for signs like swollen lymph nodes and spleen.
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Detects abnormal blood cell counts.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy: Identifies cancerous cells in the bone marrow.
• Imaging Tests: CT, MRI, and PET scans for cancer detection.

Treatment Options

• Immunotherapy: Enhances the body’s immune system to specifically target and destroy cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy: Utilizes powerful drugs to eradicate cancer cells, which can be used alone or in conjunction with radiation therapy.
• Bone Marrow Transplant: Replaces diseased stem cells with healthy ones from a donor or the patient’s own body.
• Nutrition Plan: Customized diet recommendations during and post-treatment.

Risk Factors

• Genetic Disorders: Conditions like Down’s syndrome increase risk.
• Previous Cancer Treatments: Past chemotherapy or radiation can heighten leukemia risk.
• Chemical Exposure: Prolonged benzene exposure can alter DNA.
• Smoking: Contains carcinogens that increase cancer risk.
• Family History: Inherited genetic predisposition to blood cancer.

Possible Complications

Advanced blood cancer can cause:

• Severe infections due to compromised immunity.
• Hemorrhage, including brain or pulmonary bleeding.
• Complications from aggressive treatment therapies.

Prevention

• Primary Prevention: Avoid smoking, excessive alcohol, and maintain a healthy diet.
• Secondary Prevention: Regular check-ups, healthy living, and adherence to prescribed medications.

Epidemiology – India, with its large population, sees around 20,000 new childhood blood cancer cases annually, with approximately 15,000 being leukemia. Blood cancer affects all ages, genders, and regions.

Prognosis – The five-year survival rate for blood cancer is about 70%. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to remission and improved outcomes.

Pathophysiology – Blood cancer results from the malignant transformation of stem cells in the bone marrow, leading to abnormal blood cell production and compromised normal functions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the Best Hospitals for Blood Cancer Treatment in Delhi?

Metro Cancer Institute is renowned for its advanced treatments and experienced specialists in Delhi.

What are the Treatment Options for Blood Cancer?

 Treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplants.

What are Common Side Effects of Blood Cancer Treatments?

Common side effects include fatigue, nausea, hair loss, anemia, and increased infection risk.

Can Blood Cancer Be Cured?

Many types of blood cancer, like Hodgkin lymphoma, have high cure rates. Early treatment can lead to a healthy life.

What is a Stem Cell Transplant?

Stem cell transplants replace diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. Types include autologous and allogeneic transplants.

How Long Does Blood Cancer Treatment Last?

Treatment duration varies based on cancer type and response, ranging from months to years. Your oncologist will provide specific details.